Electronics

Hi friends, in this post I want to tell that how did electronics originate and it’s development.

Electronics is a branch of engineering which deals with the development of electronic devices and their utilization. Electronics can also be defined as the study of behaviour of electrons, their control and use.

Development of Electronics:-

The discovery of propagation of electromagnetic energy by Hertz may be the beginning of the electronics era. This experiment demonstrated the radio communication. Radio is based on the experiments in electricity and magnetism. In 1820, a Danish Physicist, Hans Christian Oersted found a relation between electricity and magnetism. He found that an electric in a wire deflects the magnetic needle.

diode vacuum tube

Later in 1830 a British physicist, Michael Faraday discovered that a moving magnet can generate electricity but he did not put his ideas into mathematical equation. A British physicist, James clerk Maxwell put Faraday’s ideas into mathematic form, later he discovered electromagnetic waves.  In 1887 German physicist, Henrich Hertz   demonstrated the effect of electro-magnetic radiation through space this experiment demonstrated the wireless transmission for radio communications using radio waves. Guglielmo Marconi (1895) used a long wire as an antenna to develop a practical radio system for long distances. Fleming in 1904 invented a vacuum tube that allowed the current only in one direction which was later named as diode vacuum 

triode vacuum tube

tube and was used to detect electromagnetic waves. In 1906 Dr.Lee Defrost, an American scientist invented a triode vacuum tube, which could amplify weak electrical AC signals. Because of the advancement in the design of vacuum tubes, radio communication progressed rapidly. Around 1915, triode (with few improvements) was used in oscillator circuit and also in telephone system. In 1920, 

Transistor

radio broadcasting with regularly scheduled programs was started by station KDKA using standard AM (Amplitude modulation) radio band. Several types of microwave tubes were developed, during the Second World War these tubes made possible the modern RADAR and other communication systems. The era of solid electronics began with the invention of transistor in 1947 at Bell Telephone laboratories by Walter Brattain, John Bardeen and William Shockley. 

Solid state devices have replaced tubes for most uses in the field of electronics. The transistor is an application of controlled electron flow in solid semiconductor materials such as silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge). In 1958,it was thought that silicon and germanium can be used to build an entire circuit, called monolithic circuit. It was named an integrated circuit(IC). In 1959 Noyce gave an idea for making multiple devices on a single piece of silicon. In 1961 IC’s were produced commercially by Fairchild and Texas instruments. This development was a great achievement in the field of electronics. Thus electronics originate and got developed